The swimming was easy. Historically, German speakers, like in other languages at the time, such as English, would capitalize certain letters or words for emphasis.
This system began to develop through printing processes in the 17th century. While other languages became less capitalized with time, German writers simply started to capitalize all nouns. In turn, the language reads very differently from other European languages that utilize the Roman alphabet, such as Spanish or French. Reynard Capitalization In prose and verse, French capitalization is the same as English except that the following terms are not capitalized in French unless they begin sentences or, sometimes, lines of verse.
The subject pronoun je 'I' 2. The names of months and days of the week 3. The names of languages 4. Adjectives derived from proper nouns 5. Titles preceding personal names 6. The words meaning "street," "square," "lake," "mountain," and so on, in most place-names There are two widely accepted methods of capitalizing French titles and subtitles of works. La chambre claire: Note sur la photographie In the other method, when a title or subtitle begins with an article, the first noun and any preceding adjectives are also capitalized.
La Chambre claire: Note sur la photographie Whichever practice you choose or your instructor requires, follow it consistently throughout your paper. German Personal Names German von is generally not used with the last name alone, but there are some exceptions, especially in English-language contexts, where the von is firmly established by convention.
Capitalization In prose and verse, German capitalization differs considerably from English. Generally not capitalized are 1. The subject pronoun ich 'I' 2. The names of languages and days of the week used as adjectives, adverbs, or complements of prepositions 3. Adjectives and adverbs formed from proper nouns, except when the proper nouns are names of persons and the adjectives and adverbs refer to the persons' works or deeds In letters and ceremonial writings, the pronouns du and ihr , 'you' and their derivatives are capitalized.
Thomas Mann und die Grenzen des Ich. Italian Personal Names The names of many Italians who have lived before or during the Renaissance are alphabetized by first name. Boccaccio, Giovanni Cellini, Benvenuto The names of members of historic families are also usually alphabetized by last name. Viewed k times. Improve this question. Seven years out and this question still has no answer. The answers just debate among themselves.
Could you turn that round and explain when you think English - or any foreign equivalent - should not be capitalized? Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. If it is a proper noun, it must be capitalized. If it is an adjective derived from a proper noun, it should retain its capitalization, according to this Wikipedia entry : In English, adjectives derived from proper nouns except the names of characters in fictional works usually retain their capitalization — e.
The only case of "english" as a common noun would be in the context of pool, billiards or bowling games, as described by Wiktionary : english uncountable US Spinning or rotary motion given to a ball around the vertical axis, as in billiards or bowling. You can't hit it directly, but maybe if you give it some english.
Improve this answer. Ellie Kesselman 5, 3 3 gold badges 24 24 silver badges 50 50 bronze badges. VonC VonC This really could have been clearer. This is not obvious. It's not obvious that the name of a language, a people, or a country is a proper noun? No, it is not obvious that a language's name is a proper noun, at least to a non-English mothertongue.
Why should it be for a language and not, say, for a plant Birch or a tool Hammer? To add something, in Italian proper nouns are capitalised too, but a language's is not considered a proper noun. I can't help thinking that even in the billiards or bowling context, English ought to be capitalised.
There is surely an implied noun. English spin?? It's hard for me to tell, because in English English, you would call it screw , at least upon the green baize. Kosmonaut: no, it isn't. Don't take it for granted because English treats them as such. Finally, unlike in Catalan, in English the first-person singular pronoun I is always capitalized. Capital letters are used to indicate the titles of books, magazines, newspapers, legal documents, plays, films, albums, songs, television shows, etc.
As a general rule, the UOC prefers to use sentence case for such titles i. This is particularly true with regard to long descriptive titles. For example:. Exceptions would include the names of formal documents or titles of papers being submitted to journals whose guidelines state otherwise. As a general rule, if the text you are working on is intended for the UOC's website e. Remember, when referring to a specific part of a book, legal document, etc.
Do not capitalize these words when they are used generically. Capitalize the first letter of abbreviated courtesy titles e. Capitalize all titles, abbreviated or otherwise, in direct addresses and when they precede a proper name. In contrast, lowercase both generic references to offices and titles that follow a proper name.
Later this month, Professor Puig will give a talk on the subject at the Athenaeum. Capitalize all function words in the names of geographical features commonly considered proper nouns specific mountains, oceans, rivers, etc. Note, however, that any subsequent references in the text to such features using only the common noun are not capitalized. Capitalize all function words in the names of geographical locations or administrative regions commonly considered proper nouns countries, states, towns, etc.
Note: In order to facilitate comprehension by non-Catalan speakers, initial articles forming a part of Catalan place names should be capitalized in English, even when they appear in running text. Capitalize all function words in the names of historical, political and geopolitical regions. In English, all function words in local place names specific roads, squares, parks, etc.
This stands in contrast to Catalan, in which such words tend to be lowercased when they form a part of a Catalan address appearing in running text. Capitalize all function words in the names of unique locations commonly considered proper nouns specific buildings, monuments, venues, etc. Capitalize cultural and artistic schools and movements when they are derived from proper nouns. When in doubt, follow the guidelines given in the Oxford Dictionary. Unlike in Catalan, in English the names of ethnicities, religions and the members thereof are capitalized.
Capitalize the names of geological periods but not words like period , era or epoch themselves. Capitalize all function words in the names of government programmes, laws, documents, etc. Capitalize all function words in the names of institutions, bodies, organizations, etc.
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